Crazy 8's. S.B.G & CIG M.D.E - C/M
S.B.G & CIG M.D.E - C/M
Crazy Eights
Experimental Micro-Sand 8 Tablet Switch-Back Geothermal Batterries
A mesh - air effect & contained synthetic + natural rock sand mixture with copper or alternative conductive metal webs to send heat in & to retain before extraction & Conversion to electricity
Electrical conversion
Zero Emissions Exhaust port for Steam generator utilizing the built-in Thermoelectric Generators (TEGs)
We can also use the heat to hear or cool offset Energy for climate controls
Designed with the same exo-shell as the EV Battery Electric 7 Tablet Switch-Back
GOALS & BARRIERS TO SAND OR DIRT
Generating Electricity using the Piston-Punch Wind Tunnel with Air Compression system is simple & easy in different forms
We inject an electrical current through sand which heats & we then extract heat for use & convert heat into electricity using thermal electric generators
Storage capacity compared to different mateirals in the 7 Tablet compared to the Crazy 8 Sand are going to become a prototyping competition at S.B.G & CIG based on Dr Sydney Nicola Bennett's design & innovations for the remainder of 2025
Prototypes will be paid bonus if equivlance is had or close to in material choice safely in testing
INDUSTRY STANDARD BASIC ON A SAND BATTERY
How it works:
• Resistive Heating:
Excess renewable energy, like electricity from solar panels or wind turbines, is used to heat a large quantity of sand (or similar material) through resistive heating. This involves passing an electric current through the sand, which creates heat.
• High-Temperature:
The sand can be heated to very high temperatures (e.g., 500-600°C) and retains this heat for extended periods, potentially days or even months.
• Heat Extraction:
When heat is needed, the stored heat in the sand can be extracted using a heat exchanger. Hot air is circulated through the sand and then used to heat water, which can be used for district heating or other applications.
• Potential for Electricity Generation:
In some cases, the stored heat can also be used to generate electricity, although this is not the primary function of most sand battery systems.
Benefits of Sand Batteries:
• Cost-Effective:
Sand is a readily available and inexpensive material, making sand batteries potentially more cost-effective than other energy storage solutions.
• Scalable:
Sand batteries can be scaled up or down to meet different energy storage needs, from individual homes to entire towns.
• Long-Lasting:
Sand has a very long lifespan and can withstand repeated heating and cooling cycles.
• Environmentally Friendly:
They can help reduce reliance on fossil fuels by storing and utilizing excess renewable energy.
• Grid Balancing:
Sand batteries can participate in grid balancing markets by storing excess energy when production is high and releasing it when demand is high.
Example:
Polar Night Energy's Sand Battery, a Finnish company, has developed a commercial sand battery system that is being used in Kankaanpää, Finland, to provide heat for the town's district heating network. This system uses a large steel container filled with sand and has been in operation since 2022.
A "sand battery" is a thermal energy storage system that uses sand as a medium to store heat, often from excess renewable energy sources like solar and wind. This stored heat can then be used to provide heating for buildings or even generate electricity later on. It's a way to store energy for later use, particularly when renewable energy production is high but demand is low.
GEOTHERMAL HEATING & COOLING
Industry Standard
Geothermal heating utilizes the Earth's consistent underground temperature to provide heating and cooling for buildings, offering a highly efficient and environmentally friendly alternative to traditional heating systems. It works by circulating a fluid through pipes buried underground, either absorbing heat from the ground in winter or releasing heat into the ground in summer, effectively using the earth as a heat source or sink.
Here's a more detailed breakdown:
How it works:
• Geothermal Heat Pumps (GHPs):
These systems, also known as ground source heat pumps, are the core of geothermal heating. They consist of a network of pipes (loops) buried underground, filled with a fluid (usually water or a water-antifreeze mixture).
• Heat Exchange:
In winter, the fluid in the loop absorbs heat from the relatively warmer ground and carries it to the heat pump inside the building. The heat pump then concentrates this heat and distributes it throughout the building via forced air or radiant heating systems. In summer, the process is reversed, with the heat pump transferring excess heat from the building into the cooler ground.
• Types of Loops:
• Horizontal Loops: Trenches are dug to bury the pipes horizontally.
• Vertical Loops: Holes are drilled deep into the ground to install the loops vertically.
• Pond/Lake Loops: Closed loops are submerged in a body of water.
• Open Loops: Water from a well is used as the heat exchange fluid.
• Efficiency:
GHPs are highly efficient, with a high Coefficient of Performance (COP), meaning they produce significantly more heat than the electricity they consume, according to This Old House.
Benefits of Geothermal Heating:
• Energy Savings:
GHPs can significantly reduce heating and cooling costs, with potential savings of up to 70% compared to traditional systems.
• Environmentally Friendly:
GHPs reduce reliance on fossil fuels and lower greenhouse gas emissions, contributing to a greener energy future.
• Consistent Temperature:
GHPs utilize the stable temperature of the earth, providing consistent heating and cooling regardless of outdoor weather conditions.
• Durability and Longevity:
GHPs are durable and require minimal maintenance, with indoor components lasting for many years.
• Suitable for Various Climates:
GHPs can be used in a wide range of climates, including colder regions like Canada, although they may need supplementary heat sources in extreme cases.
Considerations:
• Upfront Cost: The initial installation cost of a geothermal heating system can be higher than traditional systems, but long-term energy savings can offset this investment.
• Land Requirements: Certain loop types (horizontal) may require significant land space.
• Need for Smart Controls: Smart controls can further optimize system performance, especially when combined with dynamic electricity tariffs.
THERMOELECTRIC GENERATORS TEGs
Industry Standard
It is possible to extract electricity from heat. This is primarily achieved through two main methods: thermoelectric generators (TEGs) and systems that utilize heat to generate steam, which then drives a turbine.
Here's a more detailed explanation:
1. Thermoelectric Generators (TEGs):
• TEGs, also known as Seebeck generators, are solid-state devices that convert heat directly into electrical energy.
• This conversion relies on the Seebeck effect, where a temperature difference between two dissimilar electrical conductors creates a voltage.
• TEGs have no moving parts, making them durable and suitable for various applications, from small devices to power plants.
• They can be used in situations with temperature differences, like capturing waste heat from industrial processes or even the human body according to ScienceDirect.
• While TEGs are generally less efficient than other methods, they offer advantages like low maintenance and quiet operation according to ScienceDirect.
2. Heat-to-Steam Systems:
• This method involves using heat to generate steam, which then expands and drives a turbine connected to a generator.
• A common example is the Rankine cycle, used in many power plants, where waste heat boils water into steam.
• The Kalina cycle is a variation that uses a mixture of two materials as the working fluid, potentially offering improved efficiency.
• While these systems require more complex equipment and can be less efficient than TEGs in certain applications, they can handle larger amounts of heat and generate more power.
3. Other Considerations:
• The efficiency of extracting electricity from heat depends on the temperature difference available and the specific technology used.
• Heat engines, like those used in the Rankine cycle, have theoretical limits on their efficiency, while TEGs can be optimized for specific temperature ranges according to a YouTube video.
• Research is ongoing to improve the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of both TEGs and heat-to-steam systems.
EFFICIENCY
Thermoelectric generator (TEG) efficiency typically ranges from 5% to 8%, but can reach up to 15% with advanced materials and designs. Efficiency is influenced by the temperature difference across the TEG and the material's figure of merit (ZT). While current TEGs are less efficient than traditional generators, they offer advantages like no moving parts and the ability to convert waste heat into electricity.
Factors Affecting TEG Efficiency:
• Temperature Difference (ΔT):
A larger temperature difference between the hot and cold sides of the TEG leads to higher efficiency.
• Material Properties (ZT):
The figure of merit (ZT) is a key parameter that reflects a material's thermoelectric performance. Higher ZT values indicate better efficiency.
• Material Selection:
Modern TEGs utilize materials like bismuth telluride and lead telluride, chosen for their electrical conductivity and low thermal conductivity, which are crucial for efficiency.
• Heat Transfer:
Efficient heat transfer to and from the TEG is essential. Optimizing heat sink design and fluid flow rates can improve performance, according to a paper from MDPI.
Efficiency Improvements:
• Advanced Materials:
Research focuses on developing new thermoelectric materials with higher ZT values, potentially leading to significant efficiency gains.
• Novel Designs:
Exploring innovative TEG designs, including stacking modules and optimizing heat sink structures, can also enhance efficiency, according to a research paper.
• Waste Heat Recovery:
TEGs are particularly promising for recovering waste heat from various sources, such as industrial processes or automotive exhaust, says IntechOpen.
Limitations:
• Lower Efficiency: Compared to traditional heat engines, TEGs generally have lower conversion efficiencies.
• Cost: Developing high-performance thermoelectric materials can be expensive.
• Heat Dissipation: Efficiently dissipating the heat from the cold side of the TEG is crucial to maintain performance.
Thermoelectric Generator
https://youtu.be/Usu9urAoBa8?si=lcMFQENpdGqTUfAV
A thermoelectric battery which stores energy when charged by converting heat into chemical energy and produces electricity when discharged is not exactly the goal of Crazy 8's yet similar
THERMOELECTRIC GENERATOR (TEG)
Components of
A thermoelectric generator (TEG) is composed of thermoelectric materials, thermoelectric modules, and a system for managing heat flow. These components work together to convert temperature differences into electrical energy.
Here's a breakdown of the key components:
1. Thermoelectric Materials:
• These are the core materials that exhibit the Seebeck effect, generating a voltage when a temperature difference exists across them.
• They are typically semiconductors, classified as either n-type (excess electrons) or p-type (electron deficiency).
• When connected in series, with electrodes, these materials form thermocouples, the fundamental unit of a TEG.
2. Thermoelectric Modules:
• A TEG module contains multiple thermocouples connected electrically in series and thermally in parallel.
• This arrangement creates a larger voltage and current output compared to a single thermocouple.
• The modules have a hot side (exposed to heat source) and a cold side (connected to a heat sink).
3. Heat Management System:
• This system includes heat exchangers (hot-side and cold-side) and a heat sink to facilitate efficient heat transfer.
• The heat exchanger on the hot side absorbs heat from a source (e.g., exhaust, engine coolant, or even solar energy).
• The heat sink on the cold side dissipates excess heat away from the module.
• The temperature difference between the hot and cold sides drives the Seebeck effect and generates electricity.
• The cooling system can be passive (air) or active (liquid cooling).
HOW THE SYSTEM WORKS
In essence, a TEG functions by:
• Absorbing heat from a source through a heat exchanger.
• Converting the temperature difference into electrical energy using thermoelectric modules.
• Dissipating the excess heat through a heat sink.
• The generated electricity can then be used to power devices or stored in batteries.
Thermoelectric generators (TEGs) convert heat into electricity, and their energy output and size vary widely depending on the specific application and design. A single TEG can produce anywhere from microwatts to kilowatts, with larger systems, like those used in industrial waste heat recovery, reaching up to 10kW. Their physical size can range from a few millimeters for small devices to several meters for larger systems.
• Low-power applications:
TEGs can be used in applications like biomedical devices (pacemakers, hearing aids) and remote sensors, where they generate power in the microwatt to milliwatt range.
• Medium-power applications:
TEGs can be used in automotive applications, industrial waste heat recovery, and other systems requiring a few watts to a few hundred watts.
• High-power applications:
Large-scale TEG systems, often utilizing multiple modules in a modular design, can generate kilowatts of power, such as in industrial waste heat recovery or for powering larger systems.
• Example:
One study describes a 10kW system with a footprint of approximately 2m x 1.8m x 0.25m that successfully integrated into a factory's power grid according to ScienceDirect.com.
Size and Dimensions:
• Individual TEG modules:
These can be very small, with some being as small as 30mm x 30mm and low profile.
• Larger systems:
The size of a TEG system is determined by the number of modules, heat source and sink design, and overall system requirements.
• Example:
A 5kW system described in a ScienceDirect.com article was housed in a container, highlighting how larger systems can be scaled up.
• Factors influencing size:
The size of a TEG system is also influenced by the temperature difference between the hot and cold sides. Larger temperature differences generally lead to higher power output and allow for more compact designs, according to ScienceDirect.com.
Thermoelectric generator (TEG) sizes vary widely, with typical modules ranging from 2.5 to 50 mm square and 2.5 to 5 mm in height. Larger systems, like the one described in Taiwan, can measure around 2 m x 1.8 m x 0.25 m and utilize thousands of modules to generate kilowatts of power. Smaller, individual generators can range from 8 to 550 Watts.
Here's a more detailed breakdown:
• Individual TEG modules:
These are the basic building blocks and are often square, with sizes ranging from 2.5 mm to 50 mm on a side. They are typically 2.5 to 5 mm thick.
• Example sizes:
Some specific sizes include 30 x 30 mm, 40 x 40 mm, 50 x 50 mm, and 56 x 56 mm.
• Larger systems:
For higher power outputs, multiple TEG modules are combined into larger systems. The system mentioned in Taiwan used 1,536 modules to generate a maximum of 10 kW. This system was relatively compact, measuring approximately 2 m x 1.8 m x 0.25 m.
• Power output and size:
The power output of a TEG system is directly related to the number and size of the modules used. For example, Global Power Technologies offers individual generators from 8 to 550 Watts, while larger systems can produce kilowatts.
Thermoelectric systems, even larger ones, can be relatively flexible in their installation due to their compact size and modular nature.
The appropriate size of a thermoelectric generator depends on the specific application and the desired power output.
Here's a more detailed breakdown:
• Small, compact modules:
These are often used in applications where size and weight are critical. They can be as small as a few millimeters square and a few millimeters thick.
• Standard modules:
A common size for thermoelectric modules is 2.5-50 mm square and 2.5-5 mm thick.
• Larger modules:
For higher power applications, TEGs can be larger, potentially several centimeters in length and width.
• Example sizes:
• A TEG with dimensions 40mm x 40mm x 3.4mm is available, according to Amazon.ca.
• Mini-modules can have footprints of 2.3 mm x 3.3 mm, according to Ferrotec.
• Radioisotope thermoelectric generators (RTGs) used in space applications are much larger, like the GPHS-RTG, which has a diameter of 0.422 m and a length of 1.14 m.
Here's a more detailed look at the size considerations:
• Modular Design:
TEGs are often built from smaller modules, allowing for flexibility in size and power output.
• Application Specific:
The size of a 1kW TEG will depend on the intended application and the specific design.
• Example Dimensions:
A 10kW system designed for integration with a factory power grid had dimensions of roughly 2m x 1.8m x 0.25m.
• Individual Modules:
Small 1-watt TEG modules can be as small as 21mm x 18mm x 5mm.
• Factors Affecting Size:
The temperature difference available, the type of thermoelectric material used, and the desired power output all influence the size of the TEG.
In short, while a 1kW TEG system can be relatively compact, its exact size depends on its design and the specific application, ranging from small modules to larger, modular systems.
We need to acheive at least a 6.5 - 13 kWh system equivlance to compete with the variable material choice 7 Tablet Switch-Back system
This may require micro-watt efforts to earn a kilowatt
1 Kilowatt effort then a pulse effort to increase yeilds by 6 or more times in an 8 tablet sequence repeater for Unlimited Range in a compact form with Emergency Safety System integration
A compact 6.5 kWh thermoelectric generator (TEG) would likely be quite large, as 6.5 kWh is a significant amount of energy to generate. While individual thermoelectric modules are small, a 6.5 kWh system would require many of them, plus heat sources and sinks, and would likely be a custom-built unit. There's no standard size for a 6.5 kWh TEG.
Factors to consider:
• Energy Output:
A single thermoelectric module typically produces a small amount of power (milliwatts to a few watts). To reach 6.5 kWh (6500 watt-hours), you'd need a large array of modules.
• Heat Source:
The source of heat (e.g., a stove, waste heat from an engine, or a dedicated burner) needs to be sized appropriately to provide the necessary heat to the TEG.
• Size of Individual Modules:
Standard thermoelectric modules are relatively small, around 40mm x 40mm, but larger modules exist.
• Cooling System:
A significant temperature difference between the hot and cold sides of the TEG is needed to generate electricity. This often requires a radiator or other cooling system.
• Voltage and Current:
The generated voltage and current depend on the specific TEG design and temperature difference. You may need a DC-DC converter to adjust the output to usable levels.
• Example:
A NASA radioisotope thermoelectric generator (RTG), while much smaller than 6.5 kWh, has dimensions of 39.7 cm in diameter and 58.3 cm in length, according to ScienceDirect.com.
In summary:
A 6.5 kWh TEG would not be a single, compact unit. It would be a system of multiple thermoelectric modules, heat sources, and cooling systems, likely requiring a dedicated enclosure. The exact size would depend on the specific design choices and the desired form factor.
DNA CHILDREN
Dr Sydney Nicola Bennett. 2-8 more DNA children under a Siccession portfolio woth Dr Carly K Bennett planned for 2026-2035 & that's it then the grand & great grand children & so on with conndcted children's
Birthing not grown yet almost fully renewable AI FleshBots too
I, Dr Sydney Nicola Bennett integrated layers of a lot of cross intertwining topics into the H.I.3 Case descriptions on purpose as a teaching layered effort with a text flow & variable genre demographic pick in styles
Blogger + Meta: Facebook Profiles VS Sydneys Space for lefal reference
Irrelevant Reference
Aquion Energy Salt Water Batteries
https://youtu.be/1EhnmWo2CZ8?si=9FSiSmMB5bKoxiiV
Aquion was sold to a company and we no longer have any connection with them. We left this video up for your information, we are no longer selling the batteries. We are happy to introduce the new Aquion Energy salt water deep cycle batteries. They are non-toxic, safe, and long lasting. Instead of lead and acid, they are made of carbon, cotton, manganese oxide, and salt water! They are certified cradle-to-cradle safe for the environment from creation to recycling. We discuss the pros and cons of the Aquion batteries, and show how to determine the right size for your solar system.
https://www.energysage.com/energy-storage/types-of-batteries/saltwater-batteries/
https://m.youtube.com/@AltEStore
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=u4hcpYYD2lc
https://youtube.com/shorts/nfbgPUqk-lE?si=D2RcR86CFVPCVnYp
https://youtu.be/vm2hNNA4lvM?si=q_GV09F6PkhZSjc6
https://youtu.be/0Uk0GQNgtqg?si=eu2IbDHPHlG74p28
https://youtu.be/_qsKUVQtAhA?si=_jE2rvqrLnwD9kl4
Superconductor + Capacitors to Increase Battery Efficiency
https://youtu.be/GeSvErqdmIM?si=QSs_b1ihxG-xy9Hu
Salt + Sand over Lithium Batteries
https://youtu.be/-vobMl5ldOs?si=PJoNUOVA4Y9RIVXU
Thermoelectric generators (TEGs)
https://youtu.be/cZodo_BxBIo?si=K8HuYVDhqHqBnlVE
Blue-Green Algae Bloom 4 Fuels
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=HrliFISKcCM
FINLAND + SAND BATTERY
Finland is proud of this 2,000-ton monster, which, with a capacity of 100 MW, sets the record for the world’s largest sand battery.
Finland has achieved a groundbreaking milestone in renewable energy storage with the deployment of an extraordinary thermal storage system. This innovative technology represents a paradigm shift from traditional battery concepts, utilizing crushed soapstone as the primary storage medium. The massive installation in Pornainen demonstrates how industrial waste materials can become the foundation for revolutionary energy solutions
The Finnish energy sector has embraced an unprecedented approach to power storage through this remarkable sand-based system. Unlike conventional lithium-ion batteries that rely on rare earth materials, this installation harnesses the thermal properties of soapstone waste from wood stove manufacturing. The cylindrical structure measures 13 meters in height and 15 meters in diameter, containing precisely 2,000 tons of this specialized material.
Polar Night Energy, the innovative startup behind this breakthrough, partnered with local energy provider Loviisan Lämpö to create this thermal battery revolution. The system operates by converting excess electricity into heat when renewable sources generate surplus power. During periods of high wind or solar production, electrical energy heats the soapstone to extreme temperatures, effectively storing thermal energy for later use.
This approach addresses the fundamental challenge of renewable energy intermittency while providing practical heating solutions for harsh Nordic climates. The technology demonstrates remarkable efficiency in maintaining stored heat for extended periods, making it particularly suitable for regions experiencing extreme seasonal temperature variations. Similar innovations in sustainable technology, such as China’s massive wind turbines, show how countries worldwide are developing large-scale renewable solutions.
The integration with existing district heating networks showcases the system’s practical applications. When temperatures drop significantly, the stored thermal energy transfers through established infrastructure to warm residential and commercial buildings. This seamless integration eliminates the need for extensive modifications to current heating systems while dramatically improving their environmental performance.
The thermal storage facility delivers remarkable performance statistics that highlight its potential for widespread adoption. During summer months, the system can provide heating for an entire month, while winter operations maintain coverage for one full week. These figures become particularly impressive when considering Finland’s extreme winter conditions, where temperatures regularly drop to -25°C.
Environmental benefits extend beyond simple energy storage, with the system achieving a 70% reduction in local heating emissions. The installation eliminates fuel oil consumption entirely while reducing wood chip usage by 60%. This transformation results in annual savings of 160 tons of CO₂ emissions, contributing significantly to Pornainen’s ambitious goal of achieving climate neutrality by 2035.
Specification
Value Storage Capacity 100 MWh
Structure Height 13 meters
Structure Diameter15 meters
Soapstone Weight 2,000 tons
Summer Coverage 1 month
Winter Coverage 1 week CO₂ Reduction 160 tons annually
Mayor Antti Kuusela expressed pride in the project’s smooth implementation and its alignment with municipal sustainability objectives. The initiative positions this small Finnish community as a pioneering example for European energy innovation, demonstrating how local solutions can address global challenges. Just as artificial intelligence transforms agriculture, this thermal storage technology represents a fundamental shift in energy management approaches.
Beyond local heating applications, this massive thermal battery plays a crucial role in national grid management. The system operates intelligently, responding to electricity market signals and grid reserve requirements managed by Finnish telecommunications company Elisa. This optimization ensures maximum utilization of renewable energy sources while providing essential grid stability services.
The technology addresses renewable energy’s inherent variability by storing excess power during peak production periods and releasing it when demand increases. This load balancing function proves essential for integrating higher percentages of wind and solar power into national energy systems. The installation operates silently without pollution or complex maintenance requirements, making it an ideal complement to existing infrastructure.
International interest in this technology continues growing, with Germany, Netherlands, and Canada exploring similar implementations. The success in Pornainen demonstrates scalability potential for larger urban areas seeking sustainable heating solutions. This growing global interest mirrors developments in other cutting-edge technologies, such as space-based solar observation systems and solar pole imaging technology.
The project’s environmental credentials extend beyond operational efficiency to include sustainable material sourcing. The soapstone filling consists entirely of industrial waste from wood stove manufacturing, transforming what would otherwise become landfill material into valuable energy storage medium. This approach exemplifies circular economy principles by creating value from waste streams.
This material choice avoids environmental controversies associated with large-scale sand extraction, which increasingly threatens global ecosystems. By utilizing locally available industrial byproducts, the project reduces transportation emissions while supporting regional economic development. The approach offers a replicable model for other regions with similar industrial waste streams.
Key advantages of this sustainable approach include:
• Zero primary material extraction requirements
• Reduced transportation environmental impact
• Support for local circular economy initiatives
• Elimination of industrial waste disposal costs
• Enhanced community energy independence
The installation’s success demonstrates how innovative thinking can transform industrial waste into critical infrastructure components. This approach aligns with broader sustainability trends, including developments in sustainable sports field materials, showing how various industries are reimagining waste as resources.
Finland’s achievement with this 100 MW thermal storage system establishes new benchmarks for renewable energy integration and sustainable heating solutions. The project proves that effective energy storage doesn’t require exotic materials or complex technologies, instead leveraging simple physics and abundant waste materials to create powerful infrastructure solutions.
S.B.G & CIG
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