S.B.G & CIG Corkboards
S.B.G & CIG Corkboards
Complete
MICRO UNLIMITED RANGE BATTERY
For automotive & all applications
The micro 14" X 3" X3" 7 kWh 500,000 Km range cycle which then continues to cycle through for Unlimited Range
THE EMERGENCY SAFETY SYSTEM
The air - purge - fire extinguisher safety system includes separated tablets & spacing with the Switch-Back mechanical system
We wrap in cork because of the natural anti-fire spreading properties
A Standard EV Battery regardless of the material is 14" X 3" X 3" in size with the Emergency Safety System integrated within as that includes exterior casing & conductive click in material on the outside with a retractable cover for storage
Three simple factors:
1. Interior & exterior casing frame & conductive connector with retractable cover
2. Mechanical Switch-Back system & Spacing
3. Air - Purge - Fire Extinguisher
4. Cork Wraping
AIR PURGE + FIRE EXTINGUISHER
We literally utilize air flow & containment with natural fire resistant material then a fire extinguisher connected to the Switch-Back & Emergency Safety System where it will automatically active if a fire is detected or if a manual override effort is engaged
You simply then disconnect the malfunctioned battery for a back up then send it for repair
This effort voids Fire spread outside the casing of the battery protecting the chassis, cargo & cabin
CORKBOARD
Corkboards slow the spread of fire because cork naturally chars slowly, resists flammability, and does not release toxic fumes or smoke when it burns. This inherent fire-resistant quality makes cork a relatively safe material, minimizing damage and harm in a fire.
Why Cork is Fire-Resistant
• Slow Combustion:
Cork's thermal properties cause it to char slowly when exposed to fire, acting as a natural fire retardant.
• Non-Toxic:
When cork burns, it does not release toxic fumes or smoke, making it a safer material for preventing harm during a fire.
• Flame Retardant Properties:
Its slow combustion creates a barrier that helps to prevent the fire from spreading.
Cork's Other Benefits
Beyond fire resistance, cork offers several other advantages:
• Insulation: The unique honeycomb-like structure of cork contains countless pockets of air, which makes it a good thermal and sound insulator.
• Durability: Cork is resilient, resists wear, and does not rot.
• Cushioning: The open holes in cork provide a cushioning effect and make it ideal for use with push pins.
INTERIOR + EXTERIOR CASINGS
This is the final product packaging. Like a box with objects within that are a battery
Like the 14" X 3" X3" Battery is the final exterior size while the interior of the box is smaller & within is the Emergency Safety System integrated conndcted to the Switch-Back system which connects to an exterior variable
The exterior vatiable has a 3 Part system with a Recharger & Switch-Back + Emergency Safety System integration to the mechanical automated manual override system & Android or Apple App system for User friendly digital touch screen dash efforts
The 3 Part System:
1. Recharger
2. Switch-Back
3. Emergency Safety System
Keeping Casings & Conductive Material Costs downward is important
In research. Low Cost options
Plaster foam plastic composite
Fiberglass mesh + resin
Tile adhesive & cement plaster mix like stucco
Reference inspiration
https://youtu.be/2k_oBtQelaM?si=dBs-plYToB1jA6b6
SOLID-STATE LITHIUM
Battery Material per 1 kWh Kilowatt-hour without casings or finishings then Emergency Safety System integration with conductors to feature controls mechanical or automated digital if not Hybrids are important including Lithium Ion in Solid, Liquid or Gel States
M.D.E - C/M has final price after cost in IMSRP for January 2026 at $800 - $1500 or average $900 on the 14" X 3" X 3" Batteries
We utilize 7 kWh devided by 7 so 1 kWh in sequence cycles with 1-3 depleted packs recharging while there are always 4 fully charged
We are working to drive these costs down so end pricing is at $500-600 Canadian Dollars geared to our version of a 3-4+ / 3 & 1-2 Tier inflation efforts
IN REVIEW
Solid-state lithium battery costs are currently higher than conventional lithium-ion batteries, but are expected to decrease with advancements in manufacturing and material science. Current estimates for solid-state battery costs range from $100/kWh to over $275/kWh, with potential for future cost reductions.
Here's a more detailed breakdown:
• Current Costs:
Solid-state batteries are generally more expensive due to the higher cost of solid electrolytes and more complex manufacturing processes. Some estimates place the cost at over $400/kWh.
• Future Cost Reductions:
Research and development efforts are focused on reducing costs through material innovation and improved manufacturing techniques. Some projections indicate that solid-state batteries could reach around $100/kWh, similar to current lithium-ion batteries, within the next decade.
• Factors Influencing Cost:
• Materials: Solid electrolytes and certain cathode materials can be more expensive than those used in lithium-ion batteries.
• Manufacturing: High-pressure and high-temperature processes, as well as low throughput, can contribute to higher costs.
• Scalability: Scaling up production of solid-state batteries to meet commercial demand is a key challenge that impacts cost.
• Promising Developments:
• New electrolyte materials: Research into materials like LPSO, which is synthesized from less expensive compounds, could significantly lower costs, according to a YouTube video.
• Improved manufacturing techniques: Efforts to adapt existing production lines and optimize processes can help reduce costs.
• Cost-effective materials: Exploring the use of less expensive materials like lithium iron phosphate cathodes could also contribute to cost reduction.
The cost of a solid-state lithium battery is not yet definitively known, but projections for the cost per kWh range from $125 to $175, depending on production volume and technological advancements. Current lithium-ion battery pack prices average around $151 per kWh according to Lawn Love. Solid-state batteries are expected to become more competitive as they mature and are produced at scale.
Here's a more detailed breakdown:
• Current Lithium-ion Battery Costs:
Lithium-ion battery pack prices are currently around $151 per kWh according to Lawn Love, and cell prices can be even lower, around $89/kWh.
• Solid-state Battery Cost Projections:
The US Advanced Battery Consortium (USABC) has set a target cost of $125/kWh for high-performance solid-state batteries for electric vehicles. Some projections suggest that solid-state batteries could reach $140/kWh in the best-case scenario for mass production by 2028, while a worst-case scenario could see prices at $175/kWh between 2032 and 2033 according to ScienceDirect.com.
• Factors Affecting Solid-state Battery Costs:
• Cathode Costs: Cathode production costs are not expected to be significantly different from those of traditional lithium-ion batteries as the same materials can be used.
• Solid Electrolyte (SE) Costs: SE technology is still under development, and costs will depend on the materials and production methods used. Promising SEs using abundant materials should not be prohibitively expensive.
• Manufacturing Volume: As with any new technology, mass production will be crucial in bringing down the cost of solid-state batteries.
• Technological Advancements: Ongoing research and development in materials science, cell manufacturing, and battery design will play a significant role in reducing costs.
• Future Outlook:
While solid-state batteries are currently more expensive than lithium-ion batteries, they offer significant advantages in terms of energy density, safety, and lifespan. As production scales up and technology matures, solid-state batteries are expected to become more cost-competitive.
MOTOR MATERIALS & COMPONENTS
SPECTRUM RC RACE CRAFT INSPIRED
M.D.E - C/M Standard brushless motors are constructed with a combination of materials to ensure durability, performance, and efficient operation. Key components include a CNC machined aluminum or composite equal metal housing for heat dissipation and structural integrity, high-purity copper or aluminum & or equivlant windings for efficient power delivery, a high-quality alloy steel shaft, and precision bearings for smooth rotation. The rotor is typically a 4-pole, 8-magnet design, often with a sintered construction.
Winding turns control Horsepower & Torque output in Standardized size as does the overall layout to acheive 200, 300, 600 or up to 900 Horsepower or less in the Standard full-scale motor
We have a ventilation & Emergency Safety System integrated in a rectangular box with Switch-Back & Speed Control + Transmission Pairing system conndcted to an automated User friendly Android or Apple App or equivlant then Purge Extinguisher within using the same Standard we use for our EV Battery 7 Tablet design
Here's a more detailed breakdown:
• Aluminum Housing:
The motor's outer casing is typically made from CNC machined aluminum. This material provides a good balance of strength, lightweight, and excellent heat dissipation, which is crucial for managing the heat generated during operation.
• Copper Windings:
The motor windings are made from insulated, high-purity copper. Copper is used for its excellent electrical conductivity, allowing for efficient transfer of electrical energy into rotational force.
• Steel Shaft:
The rotating shaft is usually constructed from alloy steel, which is known for its strength and ability to withstand the stresses of high-speed rotation. The shaft diameter can vary yet a standard is utilized.
• Bearings:
Precision bearings are used at both ends of the rotor shaft to allow for smooth and efficient rotation. These bearings are typically chosen for their durability and low friction characteristics.
• Rotor:
The rotor, which is the rotating part of the motor, usually features a 4-pole, 8-magnet design. The magnets are typically neodymium or similar high-strength magnetic materials.
• Connectors:
M.D.E - C/M brushless motors often come with pre-installed gold-plated bullet connectors (e.g., 4mm) for easy connection to the speed controller.
• Optional Extras:
Some motors may include a water jacket for cooling in marine applications or may be sold as part of a combo with an intelligent electronic speed controller (ESC) and wired receiver which cpuld included digital transmissions or a hybrid if not paired to traditional
Hazmat suit. Touch. Breath + carcinogenics or a fast death if not injury in handling so Ooint A - B practice standards apply. Personal Protection Safety Equipment PPE & chemical practoce safety
PERVOSKITE IN AUTO BATTERIES
Perovskite materials are showing promise in the field of energy storage, particularly in lithium-ion batteries and as components in photo-rechargeable batteries. Their unique properties, such as high ionic conductivity and charge carrier mobility, make them attractive for both anodes and cathodes in batteries. Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) can also be integrated with lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) to create self-charging systems.
Here's a more detailed look:
1. Perovskites in Lithium-Ion Batteries:
• Anode Material:
Perovskite materials, like SrVO3, have demonstrated high specific capacity and excellent rate performance as anodes in LIBs. They offer advantages such as high electrical and ionic conductivity, low volume expansion during lithiation, and a simple solid-solution Li+ storage mechanism.
• Cathode Material:
Perovskites can also be used as cathode materials in LIBs, with research focused on optimizing their structure and composition to enhance electrochemical performance.
2. Photo-Rechargeable Batteries:
• Integration with PSCs:
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) can be combined with LIBs to create photo-rechargeable batteries. This integration allows for the direct conversion and storage of solar energy into chemical energy within the battery.
• Self-Charging Systems:
These PSCs-LIB systems can potentially power devices like electric vehicles and portable electronics by harnessing solar energy.
3. Advantages of Perovskites in Energy Storage:
• High Ionic Conductivity:
This allows for efficient ion transport within the battery, leading to faster charging and discharging rates.
• High Charge Carrier Mobility:
This contributes to the overall performance of the battery by facilitating charge transfer.
• Variable Bandgap:
This property allows perovskites to be tuned for specific applications, including solar energy harvesting and battery performance.
• Potential for Cost-Effectiveness:
Perovskites can be produced using solution-based methods, which can be more cost-effective than traditional battery materials.
4. Challenges and Future Directions:
• Stability:
Improving the long-term stability of perovskite materials in battery environments is crucial for practical applications.
• Specific Capacity:
Further increasing the specific capacity of perovskite-based LIBs is an ongoing area of research.
• Scalability:
Scaling up the production of perovskite materials and integrating them into large-scale energy storage systems is another important challenge.
• Sustainability:
Research is also focusing on developing more sustainable and environmentally friendly perovskite materials.
Perovskite for Battery reference
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S209549562200211X
REPURPOSING EV BATTERY ELECTRIC MATERIALS
Repurposing Electric Vehicle (EV) batteries involves giving them a "second life" for stationary energy storage, such as powering buildings or the electrical grid, after they are no longer suitable for use in a vehicle. This process leverages the batteries' remaining capacity (typically 70-80%) to support renewable energy sources, store energy, and improve grid efficiency, creating both environmental and economic benefits by extending the battery's lifespan before eventual recycling.
How EV Battery Repurposing Works
• 1. Collection and Grading:
End-of-life EV batteries are collected and graded based on their State of Health (SOH) to determine their suitability for reuse.
• 2. Assessment and Disassembly:
Batteries are assessed to understand their capacity and potential for repurposing. They may be disassembled to reconfigure the battery modules for a new application.
• 3. Integration into Second-Life Applications:
The battery packs are then integrated into stationary systems, such as:
• Residential and Commercial Storage: Powering homes, businesses, and industrial facilities.
• Grid Support: Providing backup power, load leveling, and helping to absorb surplus renewable energy.
• Renewable Energy Integration: Storing power from solar panels to be used when needed.
Benefits of Repurposing
• Environmental Benefits:
Reduces the demand for new batteries, which helps mitigate the strain on raw material extraction and lessens the environmental impact of battery production.
• Economic Value:
Extracts additional economic value from the battery by extending its overall useful life, creating new revenue streams before it's recycled.
• Grid Stability:
Contributes to a "smart grid" by providing stable and reliable energy storage for renewable energy sources.
Examples in Practice
• Nissan: Uses retired EV batteries for backup power at the Amsterdam Arena and for home and business storage systems.
• Toyota: Installs ex-EV batteries to store solar energy for use in convenience stores.
• Renault: Collaborates with Powervault for home energy storage systems.
Next Steps After Repurposing
Once the battery's capacity is too low for secondary applications, it is then sent for recycling to recover the raw materials, which can then be used to make new batteries, completing the circular lifecycle.
RENEWABLE BATTERY MATERIALS
Renewable battery materials include lithium-ion batteries with sustainable components like lithium iron phosphate (LFP) and materials like Lignode (made from lignin). Other options include sodium-ion batteries, and emerging technologies like solid-state batteries and those using organic materials. Renewable energy storage also utilizes materials like nickel, manganese, and cobalt compounds in lithium-ion batteries, alongside advancements in understanding and optimizing battery performance with materials like graphite and nanomaterials.
Elaboration:
• Lithium-ion batteries:
While lithium-ion batteries are widely used, research is focusing on making them more sustainable by using materials like LFP, which doesn't require the critical minerals cobalt and manganese, and by exploring the potential of organic materials in cathodes.
• Lignode:
This sustainable material, made from lignin, a component of wood, is being developed as a potential replacement for graphite in anodes, potentially reducing costs and emissions.
• Sodium-ion batteries:
These batteries utilize abundant and non-toxic sodium, offering a more environmentally friendly alternative to lithium-ion batteries.
• Emerging Technologies:
Solid-state batteries and batteries using organic materials are also being developed to improve energy density, safety, and sustainability.
• Other materials:
Renewable energy storage also relies on materials like nickel, manganese, and cobalt (often in lithium-ion batteries) and graphite for anodes. Understanding and optimizing these materials is crucial for improving battery performance and longevity.
AUTO
Renewable auto battery materials refer to substances used in electric vehicle batteries that are sourced sustainably or can be recycled. While lithium-ion batteries are currently the dominant technology, research focuses on reducing reliance on critical materials like cobalt and nickel, exploring alternatives like lithium-sulfur, sodium-ion, and solid-state batteries, and improving recycling processes.
Current and Emerging Battery Technologies:
• Lithium-ion (Li-ion) Batteries:
While widely used, Li-ion batteries rely on materials like lithium, nickel, cobalt, and manganese, which raise concerns about sourcing and ethical sourcing.
• Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP) Batteries:
LFP batteries offer a more sustainable alternative as they don't rely on cobalt and are cheaper, though they are heavier.
• Sodium-ion Batteries:
These batteries are being explored as a potential replacement for Li-ion, as sodium is more abundant and readily available than lithium.
• Lithium-Sulfur Batteries:
Lithium-sulfur batteries use sulfur in the cathode, which is more abundant and less expensive than the materials used in Li-ion batteries.
• Solid-State Batteries:
These batteries replace the liquid electrolyte in Li-ion batteries with a solid material, potentially improving safety and energy density.
• Magnesium-ion and Potassium-ion Batteries:
These are less developed than other alternatives but offer the potential for even greater abundance and sustainability.
Focus on Recycling and Circularity:
• Battery Recycling:
Recycling Li-ion batteries is crucial for recovering valuable materials like lithium, nickel, and cobalt, reducing the need for virgin material extraction.
• Circular Economy:
Developing a circular economy for batteries involves designing batteries for recyclability, implementing effective collection and recycling infrastructure, and reusing battery components when possible.
Key Considerations:
• Sourcing of Materials:
The sustainability of battery materials is a growing concern, with a focus on reducing reliance on conflict minerals and promoting ethical sourcing practices.
• Environmental Impact:
Mining and processing battery materials can have significant environmental impacts, including water pollution, habitat destruction, and greenhouse gas emissions.
• Cost and Performance:
New battery technologies need to be cost-effective and offer comparable or improved performance to existing Li-ion batteries to be widely adopted.
M.D.E - C/M expects by 2030 to see a global net not negative cycle in Battery materials for international use in a 360 degree full cycle Point A - B process where we have more than we use available to repurpose creating a sustainable Energy option for all uses
Currently we are at a negative to break even transition in 2025
We still have to send for recycling to renew yet we loose less than we gain in a balance to sustain used materials
STATIONARY ENERGY PLANTS
M.D.E - C/M Stationary 777 Dynos
A Fixed Placed Vehicle on Dyno Stationary
Scaling Standard we increase Energy Generation & Storage
This offers a 5-15 years maintenance plan we conceal in a shipping container for Contained Endless Energy with Emergency Safety System integrated
Great for Residential or Commercial applications or City Infrastructure to offset costs & void Fossil Fuel reliance 100%
Stationary Energy Plants
https://2026sydpersonal.blogspot.com/2025/07/cm-stationary-shipping-container.html
5 Story Residential 0.59 kWh daily Energy Use average maximum per Sq Ft
5 Story Commercial 0.08 kWh daily Energy Use average maximum per Sq Ft
M.D.E - C/M Stationary Energy Plants have solutions to offset & or cancel out higher costs while other options have to integrate with other investments to maintain their existence as a physical infrastructure service for a local area from Zero Emissions - Zero Cycle or close to not "Net Zero" Energy utilizing renewables
For commercial buildings, energy consumption can range from 13 to 26 kWh per square foot annually
A five-story building's daily energy requirement varies significantly based on several factors, including building size, location, occupancy, and energy efficiency. However, a rough estimate for a residential building can range from 150 to 212 kWh/m² annually, with an average of 72 kWh/m² annually for the entire building, according to a BC Housing report. For commercial buildings, energy consumption can range from 13 to 26 kWh per square foot annually, with lighting, HVAC, and computing being the primary energy consumers, according to the Business Energy Advisor.
Here's a breakdown of factors influencing energy consumption:
1. Building Type:
• Residential:
Energy use in residential buildings is primarily for space heating, water heating, appliances, lighting, and potentially space cooling.
• Commercial:
Commercial buildings, especially offices, tend to consume more energy for lighting, HVAC, and computing systems.
2. Building Size and Floor Area:
• Total Floor Area:
Larger buildings naturally require more energy. The energy consumption is often measured per unit of floor area (e.g., kWh/m²) to allow for comparison across buildings of different sizes. According to the City of Vancouver, a 2,500 m² five-story building is considered a slim building.
• Exterior Wall Area:
The amount of exterior wall area impacts heat loss and gain, influencing energy needs for heating and cooling. A slim building in Vancouver with 2,500 m² of floor area and 1,900 m² of exterior wall area has a VFAR (Volume/Facade Area Ratio) of 0.76, according to the City of Vancouver.
3. Location and Climate:
• Climate:
Buildings in colder climates will require more energy for heating, while those in warmer climates will require more for cooling. For example, a building in an extremely hot and humid climate will have significantly higher cooling requirements than one in a more temperate zone, according to ScienceDirect.com.
• Location within a building:
In high-rise buildings, the top floors tend to have higher cooling requirements compared to lower floors, according to ScienceDirect.com.
4. Energy Efficiency:
• Building Materials:
The insulation levels of walls, roofs, and windows significantly impact energy consumption. Effective insulation reduces heat transfer, lowering heating and cooling loads.
• HVAC Systems:
Efficient heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems can dramatically reduce energy use.
• Building Orientation:
Proper orientation can minimize solar heat gain in the summer and maximize it in the winter.
• Lighting and Appliances:
Using energy-efficient lighting and appliances can significantly reduce energy consumption.
5. Occupancy and Usage:
• Number of Occupants:
More occupants mean more energy consumption for lighting, appliances, and other activities.
• Occupant Behavior:
Individual habits and preferences can significantly impact energy consumption. For example, some occupants may prefer a warmer or cooler environment, or they may leave lights on when leaving a room.
• Plug Loads:
The energy used by electronic devices, computers, and other equipment can contribute significantly to overall energy consumption.
6. Energy Cost:
• Cost of Electricity and Natural Gas:
The cost of energy sources varies by region and can impact overall energy costs.
• Energy Efficiency Incentives:
Some regions offer incentives for adopting energy-efficient technologies and practices.
Examples:
• Low-energy apartments: Aim for an energy demand of around 150 kWh/m²/year or less.
212 kWh/m² represents an energy consumption rate of 212 kilowatt-hours per square meter per year. In the context of buildings, this value often refers to the total energy used for all household activities in residential buildings, including heating, cooling, and hot water. It can also be used to describe the amount of solar energy received by a surface.
Here's a more detailed breakdown:
• Energy Consumption:
In the context of buildings, 212 kWh/m² signifies a specific energy demand for heating, cooling, and other household uses within a building's floor area. A study by CMHC found this as the average energy demand for multi-story residential buildings constructed after 1981.
• Solar Irradiance:
In the solar energy field, 212 kWh/m² can also represent the amount of solar energy received by a surface, according to Wikipedia.
• Building Energy Efficiency:
This value can be used to assess the energy efficiency of a building. Lower values generally indicate better energy performance. For example, a building with an energy consumption of 150 kWh/m² is considered a low-energy apartment according to a CMHC study.
• Comparison:
The BC Housing study showed that newer multi-unit residential buildings (MURBs) can sometimes have higher energy consumption than older ones as stated by BC Housing.
• Units:
Kilowatt-hours (kWh) measure energy, and kWh/m² indicates the amount of energy used per square meter of floor area.
BATTERY DEGRADATION VOIDANCE
The 7 Tablet effort works as a coolant to void degradation while 4 are always fully charged & 1-3 are always recharging. That cycle gap leaves a rest period where the battery takes a break & that voids faster degradation while the Emergency Safety System includes variables to void early wear. This the lucky number 7 cycle & anything less runs into problems while anything more is beyond of use with 8 being the maximum with a crazy 8
With this effort we are equivlant to 2025 industry standards in degradation or further voiding degradation extending life cycles of materials coming closer to a breakdown even or a break even net not negative in material use for recycle
NET ZERO BREAK EVEN + POSITIVE
Getting Piston-Punch to Net Zero
Kinetics will be the key
Getting to a breakdown even to positive from negative on EV Battery Electric will involve use of advancing Kinetic Energies
Kinetic energy is the energy an object possesses due to its motion. It's the energy an object has when it's moving, and the amount of kinetic energy depends on both the object's mass and its speed. A faster-moving object or a heavier object will have more kinetic energy.
Here's a more detailed explanation:
• Definition: Kinetic energy is the energy an object has because it's moving.
• Dependence on Mass and Speed: The kinetic energy of an object increases as its mass increases, and it also increases with the square of its speed.
• Formula: The formula for kinetic energy (KE) is: KE = 1/2 * mv², where 'm' is the mass and 'v' is the speed of the object.
• Examples: A moving car, a thrown baseball, and the flowing water in a river all have kinetic energy.
• Units: Kinetic energy is typically measured in joules (J).
• Microscopic View: At a microscopic level, kinetic energy is associated with the movement of atoms and molecules, such as in heat and sound.
• Relativity: For objects moving at speeds close to the speed of light, relativistic effects become important, and a more complex formula for kinetic energy is needed, according to Britannica.
PIEZOELECTRIC ENERGY
This with kinetic energy alongside industry advancements including M.D.E - C/M internal efforts will assist us in reaching Energy positive from negative after just acheiving a break even in some areas from resources while we have net positive perpetual motion we are almost at net positive resources for
Piezoelectric energy refers to the electrical energy generated from the piezoelectric effect, where certain materials produce an electrical charge when subjected to mechanical stress, like pressure or vibration. This effect is reversible, meaning that applying an electrical field can also cause the material to deform.
How it works:
• Direct Piezoelectric Effect:
When mechanical stress is applied to a piezoelectric material, it causes a shift in the material's internal charge distribution, creating a voltage.
• Reverse Piezoelectric Effect:
Applying a voltage to a piezoelectric material can cause it to deform or vibrate.
Materials:
Common piezoelectric materials include:
Crystals (like quartz), Ceramics (like PZT), Specialized polymers, and Biological materials like bone and DNA.
Applications:
Piezoelectric materials are used in a variety of applications:
• Energy Harvesting: Converting mechanical energy from sources like human motion, vibrations, or pressure into usable electrical energy.
• Sensors: Detecting and measuring mechanical stress, pressure, or acceleration.
• Actuators: Converting electrical signals into mechanical motion, used in devices like speakers and micro-positioning systems.
• Other Applications: High voltage power sources, medical devices, and more.
Advantages:
• High Energy Conversion Efficiency:
Piezoelectric energy harvesters can achieve relatively high energy conversion efficiency compared to other methods.
• Compact and Lightweight:
Piezoelectric devices can be made very small and lightweight, making them suitable for various applications.
• Versatile:
Can be used in a wide range of applications due to the variety of piezoelectric materials and configurations.
Limitations:
• Limited Power Output: The amount of energy that can be harvested from a single piezoelectric device is often limited.
• Material Properties: The performance of piezoelectric materials can be affected by factors like temperature and frequency.
• Cost: Some piezoelectric materials and devices can be expensive to produce.
Examples:
• Wearable Devices:
Piezoelectric materials can be incorporated into clothing or accessories to generate electricity from human movement.
• Roadways:
Piezoelectric devices can be embedded in roadways to harvest energy from the vibrations of vehicles.
• Tire Pressure Monitoring:
Piezoelectric generators can power sensors that monitor tire pressure in vehicles.
• Medical Devices:
Piezoelectric sensors can be used to monitor vital signs and other physiological parameters.
LITHIUM CANNOT BE GROWN
Yet...
While it's not possible to "grow" lithium in the way one grows a plant, lithium can be extracted and produced through various methods. These include mining hard rock deposits, extracting it from brines (salty water), and even potentially from geothermal brines and wastewater. Additionally, research is exploring artificial environments for lithium mineral synthesis, aiming for more sustainable and efficient production.
Here's a more detailed explanation:
1. Extraction from Natural Sources:
• Hard Rock Mining:
Traditional mining methods are used to extract lithium from spodumene and other lithium-bearing minerals found in hard rock deposits.
• Brine Extraction:
Lithium can be extracted from salty groundwater (brines) through solar evaporation ponds or through more advanced methods like Direct Lithium Extraction (DLE), which is more efficient and environmentally friendly.
• Geothermal Brines:
Lithium can also be extracted from geothermal brines, which are hot, salty waters found in geothermal power plants. This method is being explored as a potential source of "green lithium".
• Wastewater:
Some research indicates that lithium can be extracted from wastewater, including wastewater from oil and gas production.
2. Artificial Synthesis (Future Potential):
• Zabuyelite Synthesis: Scientists are exploring ways to create lithium-bearing minerals like zabuyelite in artificial environments. This could lead to more sustainable and controlled lithium production.
3. Key Considerations:
• Sustainability:
Environmental impact is a major concern in lithium production. Efforts are focused on minimizing land use, water consumption, and energy usage.
• Efficiency:
Extraction methods vary in efficiency, with DLE and artificial synthesis offering potential improvements over traditional solar evaporation.
• Recycling:
Lithium-ion batteries can be recycled, creating a circular economy and reducing reliance on newly mined lithium.
• Demand:
The demand for lithium is expected to grow significantly with the increasing adoption of electric vehicles, highlighting the need for both sustainable and sufficient production.
To grow lithium crystals, you can utilize techniques similar to those used for growing other crystals, such as single-stage crystallization or the Czochralski method. Specifically, for lithium compounds like lithium triborate (LiB3O5), lithium tantalate (LiTaO3), or lithium niobate (LiNbO3), techniques involving molten salt solutions or specialized crucibles are employed. The process often involves controlling temperature gradients, rotation speed, and seed orientation to encourage crystal growth.
Here's a more detailed breakdown:
1. Single-Stage Crystallization:
• This method involves dissolving lithium compounds (like lithium carbonate) in a solution, then precipitating the crystals by adding a precipitant or changing the solution's temperature.
• For example, lithium carbonate crystals can be grown by adding sodium carbonate to a mixed sulfate solution (Na2SO4 and Li2SO4) and stirring.
• The resulting crystals are then filtered, washed, and dried.
2. Czochralski Method:
• This technique is commonly used for growing single crystals, including lithium tantalate.
• It involves slowly pulling a seed crystal from a molten material (like lithium tantalate melt) while carefully controlling the temperature gradient and rotation speed.
• The seed acts as a template for the crystal to grow upon as it is slowly pulled from the melt, according to research from DTU.
3. Other Techniques:
• Molten Salt Growth:
For lithium triborate, crystals can be grown from a B2O3 self-flux solution using the Top-Seeded Solution Growth (TSSG) technique, where the seed orientation, rotation speed, and temperature gradient influence crystal growth, according to ScienceDirect.com.
• Stepanov Technique:
This method can also be used for growing shaped lithium tantalate crystals.
• Novel Techniques:
Researchers have also developed new techniques, like the double-chamber crucible method, for growing near-stoichiometric lithium niobate crystals.
Factors Influencing Crystal Growth:
Precise temperature control is crucial for proper crystal formation and growth.
• Seed Orientation:
The orientation of the seed crystal can influence the final crystal's morphology and quality, says ScienceDirect.com.
• Rotation Speed:
Controlling the rotation speed of the seed crystal can help to ensure uniform crystal growth.
• Temperature Gradient:
A controlled temperature gradient is often necessary for techniques like the Czochralski method.
https://cmbennettbrothers.blogspot.com/2025/08/copper-harvest-copper-harvest.html
Crystallized lithium refers to lithium in a solid, crystalline form. It can refer to various applications, including lithium metal for batteries, lithium compounds like lithium carbonate, or even naturally occurring lithium-bearing minerals like spodumene. In the context of a clinical trial, "crystalized lithium" specifically refers to a novel form of lithium, AL001, being investigated for its potential benefits in treating psychiatric and neurological disorders.
Different contexts of crystallized lithium:
• Lithium Metal:
Lithium can exist as a solid metal with a body-centered cubic (bcc) crystal structure at room temperature.
• Lithium Carbonate:
This is a common form of lithium used in medications, particularly for bipolar disorder and other psychiatric conditions.
• Lithium Compounds:
Various lithium compounds, such as lithium sulfate (Li2SO4), can be crystallized from solutions or brines.
• Lithium Pegmatite:
Certain types of pegmatite rocks, like spodumene, contain crystallized lithium minerals.
• AL001:
A clinical trial is investigating a new, crystalline form of lithium called AL001 as a potential treatment for psychiatric and neurological disorders.
• Lithium Disilicate:
This is a ceramic material used in dental restorations, which can be partially or fully crystallized.
• Pink Lithium Quartz:
A variety of quartz with a pink color due to the presence of lithium, believed to have soothing and anxiety-reducing properties, according to a crystal shop.
AL001 and its potential:
Researchers from Dalhousie University used the Canadian Light Source (CLS) at the University of Saskatchewan to analyze a new type of lithium-ion battery material – called a single-crystal electrode – that’s been charging and discharging non-stop in a Halifax lab for more than six years. It lasted more than 20,000 cycles before it hit the 80% capacity cutoff. That translates to driving a jaw-dropping 8 million kms. As part of the study, the researchers compared the new type of battery – which has only recently come to market – to a regular lithium-ion battery that lasted 2,400 cycles before it reached the 80% cutoff.
https://www.lightsource.ca/public/news/2024-25-q2-oct-dec/new-type-of-battery-could-outlast-evs-and-still-be-used-for-grid-energy-storage.php
from the 20,000-cycles dept.
Researchers used Canada's national synchrotron light source facility "to analyze a new type of lithium-ion battery material — called a single-crystal electrode — that's been charging and discharging non-stop in a Halifax lab for more than six years," reports Tech Xplore.
The results? The battery material "lasted more than 20,000 cycles before it hit the 80% capacity cutoff," which they say is equivalent to driving 8 million kms (nearly 5 million miles). That's more than eight times the life of a regular lithium-ion battery that lasted 2,400 cycles before reaching the 80% cutoff — and "When the researchers looked at the single crystal electrode battery, they saw next to no evidence of this mechanical stress." (One says the material "looked very much like a brand-new cell."Toby Bond [a senior scientist at the CLS, who conducted the research for his Ph.D.] attributes the near absence of degradation in the new style battery to the difference in the shape and behavior of the particles that make up the battery electrodes... The single crystal is, as its name implies, one big crystal: it's more like an ice cube. "If you have a snowball in one hand, and an ice cube in the other, it's a lot easier to crush the snowball," says Bond. "The ice cube is much more resistant to mechanical stress and strain." While researchers have for some time known that this new battery type resists the micro cracking that lithium-ion batteries are so susceptible to, this is the first time anyone has studied a cell that's been cycled for so long...
Bond says what's most exciting about the research is that it suggests we may be near the point where the battery is no longer the limiting component in an EV — as it may outlast the other parts of the car. The new batteries are already being produced commercially, says Bond, and their use should ramp up significantly within the next couple of years. "I think work like this just helps underscore how reliable they are, and it should help companies that are manufacturing and using these batteries to plan for the long term."
The cathode. They replaced the polycrystal lithium NMC material with a monocrystal. This addresses a common problem with crack formation in the cathode
https://m.slashdot.org/story/436477
Researchers discovered zinc-ion batteries thrive on fast charging
Fast charging speeds things up, but usually at the cost of battery life. So when a team at Georgia Tech discovered that cranking up the charge rate actually made zinc-ion batteries stronger, it turned battery science on its head.
Led by Hailong Chen, an associate professor in Georgia Tech’s George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, the team found that fast charging didn’t cause the usual degradation seen in lithium-ion batteries. Instead, it improved the performance of zinc-ion batteries. That surprise finding, recently published in Nature Communications, could shake up how we think about powering everything from homes to hospitals to the grid.
Why zinc and not lithium?
Zinc-ion batteries have been on scientists’ radar for a while. Zinc is cheaper, safer, and more abundant than lithium, but one major flaw has held zinc-ion batteries back: dendrites.
These needle-like metal spikes form during charging and can short-circuit a battery, which is the kind of failure you don’t want in an energy storage system.
But Chen’s team found the opposite of what you’d expect. “We found that using faster charging actually suppressed dendrite formation instead of accelerating it,” Chen explained.
Instead of sharp, splintered growths, the zinc stacked into smooth, dense layers like stacked books. That clean structure not only prevents dangerous short circuits but also makes the battery last longer.
“It goes against the conventional thinking that fast charging shortens battery life,” said Chen. “What we found expands people’s understanding of fast charging that could rewrite how we think about battery design and where they can be used.”
Still work to do
The zinc anode – one end of the battery – is now in great shape thanks to this discovery. But the other half, the cathode, still needs improvement to match the performance and longevity of the anode.
Chen’s team is working on it, and they’re also experimenting with zinc blends to make the whole battery more robust.
To make this discovery, Chen’s group built a custom tool that let them watch how zinc behaves in real time under different charging speeds across a huge range of samples at once.
“We weren’t just seeing whether the battery worked or not,” Chen said. “We were watching the structure of the material evolve as it charged.” And that real-time observation helped them understand why fast charging prevents dendrites in zinc-ion batteries – something no one had ever mapped out in the lab before.
https://electrek.co/2025/08/20/researchers-discovered-zinc-ion-batteries-thrive-on-fast-charging/
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